Risicofactoren longkanker
Factor | Referentie | Relatief Risico bij hoogste blootstelling | 95% betrouwbaarheidsnivo |
Familiehistorie van longkanker | Samet (1986) | 5.3 (+430%) | (2.2‑12.8) |
Ooi (1986) | 2.4 (+140%) | ||
Horwitz (1988) | 2.8 (+180%) | (1.0‑7.7) | |
Wu (1988) | 3.9 (+290%) | (2.0‑7.6) | |
Brownson (1997) | 2.7 (+170%) | (1.2‑6.1) | |
Persoonlijke historie van TBC | Hinds (1982) | 10.0 (+900%) | (1.1‑90.1) |
Gao (1987) | 6.4 (+540%) | ||
Wu (1988) | 1.7 (+70%) | (1.1‑2.4) | |
Sakurai (1989) | 8.2 (+720%) | (1.3‑54.4) | |
b‑caroteen/vitamine A deficiëntie | Ziegler (1986) | 2.2 (+120%) | |
b‑caroteen/vitamine A inname | Wu (1985) | 0.3 (-70%) | (P=0.06 trend) |
Byers (1987) | 0.2 (-80%) | ||
Pastorino (1987) | 0.4 (-60%) | (0.2‑0.9) | |
Candelora (1992) | 0.4 (-60%) | (0.2‑0.8) | |
Alcohol consumptie | Pollack (1984) | 2.19 (+119%) | (1.3‑5.0) |
Dieet cholesterol/vet | Goodman (1988) | 2.2 (+120%) | (1.3‑3.8) |
Dieet vet inname | Wynder (1987) | 4‑6 (+300-500%) | |
Alavanja (1993) | 6.14 (514%) | (2.63‑14.40) | |
De Stefani (1997) | 2.85 (+185%) | (1.73‑4.69) | |
Vegetarisch dieet | Le Marchand (1989) | 0.6 (-40%) | (0.4‑0.88) |
Jain (1990) | 0.3 (-70%) | (P=0.009 trend) | |
Candelora (1992) | 0.2 (-80%) | (0.1‑0.5) | |
Alavanja (1993) | 0.61 (-39%) | (0.37‑0.99) | |
Axelsson (1996) | 0.37 (-63%) | (0.23‑0.61) | |
Sankaranarayanan (1994) | 0.32 (-68%) | (0.13‑0.78) | |
Fruit inname | Koo (1988) | 0.4 (-60%) | (0.2‑0.9) |
Candelora (1992) | 0.6 (-40%) | (0.3‑1.1) | |
Melk consumptie | Mettlin (1989) | 2.1 (+110%) | (1.4‑3.2) |
Rylander (1996) | 1.73 (+73%) | (1.0‑3.01) | |
Axelsson (1996) | 1.73 (+73%) | (1.0‑3.01) | |
Hormoon therapie bij vrouwen | Adami (1989) | 1.3 (+30%) | |
Radon | Edlin (1984) | 4.3 (+330%) | (1.7‑10.6) |
Lees (1987) | 2.4 (+140%) | (0.8‑7.1) | |
Kookmethoden | Gao (1987) | 1.4‑2.6 (+40-160%) | (1.1‑5.0) |
Mumford (1987) | 5.6 (+460%) | (3.4‑9.1) | |
Geng (1988) | 1.9 (+90%) | (1.1‑3.3) | |
Sobue (1990) | 2‑3 (+100-200%) | ||
Ko (1997) | 8.3 (+730%) | (3.1‑22.7) | |
Uitlaatgassen | Hayes (1989) | 1.5 (+50%) | (1.2‑1.9) |
Jacobsson (1997) | 2.0 (+100%) | (1.5‑2.6) | |
Gustavsson (1990) | 2.4 (+140%) | (1.3‑4.5) | |
Sociaal-economische status | Brown (1975) | 2.6‑3.8 (+160-280%) | |
Ventilatie functie | Lange (1990) | 2‑4 (+100-300%) | |
Cardiale anomalieën | Tenkanen (1987) | 2.4 (+140%) | |
Fysieke inactiviteit | Albanes (1989) | 1.6 (+60%) | (1.2‑3.5) |
Severson (1989) | 1.4 (+40%) | (1.0‑2.1) | |
Psycho-sociale karaktereigenschappen | Kulessa (1989) | 2‑3 (+100-200%) | |
Knekt (1996) | 3.32 (+232%) | (1.53‑7.20) | |
Stad/platteland risico ratio | Shy (1984) | 1.2‑2.8 (+20-180%) | |
Arseen opname | Tsuda (1995) | 15.69 (+1469%) | (7.38‑31.02) |
Vitamine E | Yong (1997) | 0.36 (-64%) | (0.16‑0.83) |
Hoge opleiding | van Loon (1997) | 0.53 (-47%) | (0.34‑0.82) |
Vitamine A,C en E inname | Yong (1997) | 0.32 (-68%) | (0.14‑0.74) |
Groente en fruit consumptie | Agudo (1997) | 0.45 (-55%) | (0.22‑0.91) |
Asbest blootstelling | Oksa (1997) | 10.0 (+900%) | (6.9‑14.0) |
Zhu & Wang (1993) | 5.32 (+432%) | ||
Dement (1994) | 2.3 (+130%) | (1.88‑2.79) | |
Raffin (1993) | 3.31 (+231%) | ||
Fysieke activiteit | Thune (1997) | 0.39 (-61%) | (0.18‑0.85) |
Lee (1994) | 0.39 (-61%) | (0.18‑0.85) | |
Bier drinken | Potter (1992) | 2.0 (+100%) | (1.02‑3.8) |
Toelichting tabel:
De eerste kolom beschrijft het onderzochte type risicofactor. De tweede kolom geeft de naam van de eerste auteur van elk onderzoek dat gerapporteerd is over de betreffende risicofactor. De complete bibliografie van elk onderzoek kan op auteursnaam opgezocht worden in de lijst van referenties.
De derde kolom toont de meest waarschijnlijke en beste schatting van het hoogste risico voor die co-factor zoals dat in dat onderzoek gemeld is. Het gaat hier om relatieve risico’s, dat wil zeggen, risico’s die zijn bepaald ten opzichte van een groep mensen die niet dat bepaalde risico liepen.
Een risico waarde groter dan 1 geeft een verhoogd risico weer, getallen onder de 1 geven een verlaagd risico door de betreffende factor aan. Vetgedrukte RR’s geven aan welke positieve verbanden significant zijn volgens epidemiologische standaarden in Bijlage 2.
De vierde en laatste kolom geeft het 95% betrouwbaarheidsinterval voor de gemelde relatieve risico’s. Het geeft het gebied aan waarvan met 95% zekerheid kan worden aangenomen dat het risico tussen de onder- en bovenwaarde zit.
Voorbeelden: 1.50 = 50% verhoogd risico, 2.50 = 150% verhoogd risico, 0.75 is 25% verminderd risico
Referenties
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