Resultaten meeroken-onderzoeken |
Statistische significantie |
Indeling |
Onderzoek |
Omschrijving |
Betrouwbaarheids-
interval (%) |
Onder-
grens |
Relatief
Risico |
Boven-
grens |
Negatief effect – Sterk (RR>2) |
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
Spouse smoked, 40+ smokeyears, All sexes |
95 |
1.10 |
2.40 |
5.30 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Spouse smoked, 11+/dag, Males |
95 |
1.35 |
7.48 |
41.36 |
|
Janerich et al. (1990) |
25+ smokeryears, All sexes |
95 |
1.16 |
2.07 |
3.68 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
22+ years, All sexes |
95 |
1.10 |
2.40 |
5.40 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Adulthood, 1+ smokers, Males |
95 |
1.34 |
4.15 |
12.90 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
>=89.0 (level*hours/day*years), All sexes |
95 |
1.33 |
2.07 |
3.21 |
N = 6 |
Negatief effect – Zwak (RR<=2) |
Hirayama, 1984 |
2-29/day, Females |
90 |
1.03 |
1.12 |
1.21 |
|
Hirayama, 1984 |
20+/day, Females |
95 |
1.12 |
1.23 |
1.35 |
|
Reynold et al., 1987 |
All Cancers, All sexes |
90 |
1.12 |
1.68 |
1.50 |
|
Reynold et al., 1987 |
Smoking Related cancers, All sexes |
90 |
1.05 |
7.01 |
47.00 |
|
Stjernfeldt et al., 1986 |
Maternal Smoking >=10, All sexes |
95 |
1.10 |
1.56 |
2.30 |
|
Golding et al., 1990 |
Maternal Smoking, All sexes |
90 |
1.20 |
2.47 |
5.10 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
Spouse smoked, All sexes |
95 |
1.04 |
1.29 |
1.60 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
years of exposure at work, All sexes |
95 |
1.10 |
1.39 |
1.70 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
years of exposure at work, 1-15 years, All sexes |
95 |
1.01 |
1.30 |
1.67 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
years of exposure at work, 16-30, All sexes |
95 |
1.04 |
1.40 |
1.88 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
years of exposure at work, 30+, All sexes |
95 |
1.24 |
1.86 |
2.78 |
|
EPA, 1993 |
|
95 |
1.04 |
1.19 |
1.35 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
35-42 years exposed, Females |
95 |
1.06 |
1.57 |
2.31 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
>=224 hours/day × years, All sexes |
95 |
1.12 |
1.80 |
2.90 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
>=224 hours/day × years, Females |
95 |
1.05 |
1.70 |
2.75 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
=23.1 packyears, All sexes |
95 |
1.04 |
1.64 |
2.59 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
>=89.0 (level*hours/day*years), Females |
95 |
1.10 |
1.87 |
3.20 |
N = 17 |
Positief effect |
Brownson et al. (1992) |
Spouse smoked, 15-40 smokeyears, All sexes |
95 |
0.50 |
0.70 |
1.00 |
|
Brownson et al. (1992) |
parents, All sexes |
95 |
0.50 |
0.70 |
0.90 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
childhood, All sexes |
95 |
0.64 |
0.78 |
0.96 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
childhood, Females |
95 |
0.61 |
0.77 |
0.98 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
1 smoker in household, All sexes |
95 |
0.64 |
0.80 |
0.99 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
2 smokers in household, All sexes |
95 |
0.44 |
0.63 |
0.90 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
1 smoker in household, Females |
95 |
0.59 |
0.76 |
0.98 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
14.1–18.0 smoker years, All sexes |
95 |
0.51 |
0.68 |
0.92 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
10-18 cig/day, All sexes |
95 |
0.35 |
0.58 |
0.90 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
10-18 cig/day, Females |
95 |
0.34 |
0.57 |
0.93 |
N = 10 |
Statistisch insignificant |
Sandler, et al. 1989 |
All Cancers, All sexes |
95 |
0.66 |
1.01 |
1.53 |
|
Sandler, et al. 1989 |
All Cancers, Females |
95 |
0.82 |
1.00 |
1.21 |
|
Sandler, et al. 1989 |
Smoking-related cancers, Males |
95 |
0.43 |
0.96 |
2.62 |
|
Sandler, et al. 1989 |
Smoking-related cancers, Females |
95 |
0.88 |
1.45 |
2.40 |
|
Sandler, et al. 1989 |
Other Cancers, Males |
95 |
0.40 |
1.03 |
2.62 |
|
Sandler, et al. 1989 |
Other Cancers, Females |
95 |
0.76 |
0.93 |
1.54 |
|
Neutel and Buck, 1970 |
Maternal Smoking, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
1.30 |
2.20 |
|
Pershagen et al., 1992 |
Maternal Smoking <10, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
1.04 |
1.40 |
|
Pershagen et al., 1992 |
Maternal Smoking >=10, All sexes |
95 |
0.60 |
0.92 |
1.30 |
|
Stjernfeldt et al., 1986 |
Maternal Smoking <10, All sexes |
95 |
0.60 |
1.07 |
1.80 |
|
McKinney et al., 1986 |
Maternal Smoking 1-10, All sexes |
95 |
0.90 |
1.12 |
1.50 |
|
McKinney et al., 1986 |
Maternal Smoking 11+, All sexes |
95 |
0.70 |
0.84 |
1.10 |
|
Buckley et al., 1986 |
Maternal Smoking 1-9, All sexes |
95 |
0.90 |
1.31 |
1.90 |
|
Buckley et al., 1986 |
Maternal Smoking >=10, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
0.97 |
1.20 |
|
John et al., 1991 |
Maternal Smoking 1-10, All sexes |
95 |
0.70 |
1.40 |
2.70 |
|
John et al., 1991 |
Maternal Smoking 11+, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
1.50 |
2.70 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
Spouse smoked, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
1.60 |
3.00 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
Spouse smoked, < 22 smokeyears, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
1.60 |
3.20 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
Spouse smoked, 23-39 smokeyears, All sexes |
95 |
0.70 |
1.40 |
2.90 |
|
Brownson et al. (1992) |
Spouse smoked, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
1.00 |
1.20 |
|
Brownson et al. (1992) |
Spouse smoked, 0-15 smokeyears, All sexes |
95 |
0.50 |
0.70 |
1.10 |
|
Brownson et al. (1992) |
Spouse smoked, 40+ smokeyears, All sexes |
95 |
1.00 |
1.30 |
1.70 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
Spouse smoked, <15, All sexes |
95 |
0.86 |
1.08 |
1.39 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
Spouse smoked, 15-40, All sexes |
95 |
0.76 |
1.04 |
1.42 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
Spouse smoked, 40-80, All sexes |
95 |
0.97 |
1.36 |
1.91 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
Spouse smoked, 80+, All sexes |
95 |
0.99 |
1.79 |
3.25 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Spouse smoked, Males |
95 |
0.67 |
1.60 |
3.82 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Spouse smoked, 1-10/dag, Males |
95 |
0.24 |
0.74 |
2.23 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Spouse smoked, Females |
95 |
0.60 |
1.08 |
1.94 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Spouse smoked, 1-10/dag, Females |
95 |
0.42 |
0.82 |
1.61 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Spouse smoked, 11+/dag, Females |
95 |
0.49 |
1.06 |
2.30 |
|
Janerich et al. (1990) |
1-24 smokeryears, All sexes |
95 |
0.68 |
1.09 |
1.73 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
mother, All sexes |
95 |
0.60 |
1.60 |
4.30 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
father, All sexes |
95 |
0.60 |
1.20 |
2.30 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
siblings, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
1.70 |
3.90 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
<18 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.70 |
1.60 |
3.60 |
|
Stockwell et al. (1992) |
18-21 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.50 |
1.10 |
2.60 |
|
Brownson et al. (1992) |
any, All sexes |
95 |
0.60 |
0.80 |
1.10 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
Father smoking, All sexes |
95 |
0.67 |
0.83 |
1.02 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
Mother Smoking, All sexes |
95 |
0.62 |
0.86 |
1.18 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
1-17 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.73 |
0.99 |
1.35 |
|
Fontham et al. (1994) |
18+ years, All sexes |
95 |
0.67 |
0.89 |
1.16 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Childhood, y/n, Males |
95 |
0.43 |
0.90 |
1.89 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Childhood, 1 smoker, Males |
95 |
0.46 |
1.12 |
2.70 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Childhood, 1+ smokers, Males |
95 |
0.34 |
1.13 |
3.75 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Childhood, y/n, Females |
95 |
0.95 |
1.55 |
2.79 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Childhood, 1 smoker, Females |
95 |
0.91 |
1.75 |
3.35 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Childhood, 1+ smokers, Females |
95 |
0.43 |
1.27 |
3.78 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Adulthood, y/n, Males |
95 |
0.53 |
1.13 |
2.45 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Adulthood, 1 smokers, Males |
95 |
0.19 |
0.64 |
2.13 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Adulthood, y/n, Females |
95 |
0.53 |
0.95 |
1.67 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Adulthood, 1 smokers, Females |
95 |
0.50 |
0.96 |
1.84 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
Adulthood, 1+ smokers, Females |
95 |
0.34 |
0.94 |
2.63 |
|
Wu et al. (1985) |
Parents smoked, y/n, All sexes |
95 |
0.20 |
0.60 |
1.70 |
|
Kabat and Wynder (1984) |
Current ETS exposure at home, Males |
95 |
0.33 |
1.26 |
4.83 |
|
Kabat and Wynder (1984) |
Current ETS exposure at home, Females |
95 |
0.40 |
0.92 |
2.08 |
|
Kabat et al. (1990) |
Family member smoked, Males |
95 |
0.34 |
0.73 |
1.59 |
|
Kabat et al. (1990) |
Family member smoked, Females |
95 |
0.86 |
1.68 |
3.27 |
|
Sobue (1990) |
childhood, Father smoked, Females |
95 |
0.52 |
0.79 |
1.21 |
|
Sobue (1990) |
childhood, Mother smoked, Females |
95 |
0.74 |
1.33 |
2.37 |
|
Sobue (1990) |
childhood, Other smoked, Females |
95 |
0.76 |
1.18 |
1.84 |
|
Gao et al. (1987) |
Lived with a smoker, Females |
95 |
0.70 |
1.10 |
1.70 |
|
Koo et al. (1987) |
cohabitants who smoked, 1, Females |
95 |
0.60 |
1.73 |
6.40 |
|
Koo et al. (1987) |
cohabitants who smoked, 1+, Females |
95 |
0.60 |
1.35 |
5.00 |
|
Wu-Williams et al. (1990) |
father smoked, Females |
95 |
0.80 |
1.10 |
1.40 |
|
Wu-Williams et al. (1990) |
mother smoked, Females |
95 |
0.60 |
0.90 |
1.10 |
|
Pershagen et al. (1986) |
parents smoked, Females |
95 |
0.40 |
1.00 |
2.30 |
|
Svensson et al. (1989) |
father smoked, Females |
95 |
0.40 |
0.90 |
2.30 |
|
Svensson et al. (1989) |
mother smoked, Females |
95 |
0.50 |
3.30 |
18.80 |
|
Kabat & Wynder et al. (1984) |
workplace, Males |
95 |
1.00 |
3.30 |
10.40 |
|
Kabat & Wynder et al. (1984) |
workplace, Females |
95 |
0.30 |
0.70 |
1.50 |
|
Garfinkel et al. (1985) |
work, past 5 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.70 |
0.88 |
1.20 |
|
Garfinkel et al. (1985) |
work, past 25 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.70 |
0.93 |
1.20 |
|
Wu et al. (1985) |
years exposed at each job, All sexes |
95 |
0.50 |
1.30 |
3.30 |
|
Janerich et al. (1990) |
# smokers at work, All sexes |
95 |
. |
. |
. |
|
Brownson et al. (1992) |
exposed to other’s smoke, All sexes |
95 |
0.90 |
1.20 |
1.70 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
4 jobs that lasted 1 year or more, Males |
95 |
0.50 |
1.02 |
2.09 |
|
Kabat et al. (1995) |
4 jobs that lasted 1 year or more, Females |
95 |
0.62 |
1.15 |
2.13 |
|
Lee et al. (1986) |
exposure as no, little, a lot, Males |
95 |
0.40 |
1.61 |
6.60 |
|
Lee et al. (1986) |
exposure as no, little, a lot, Females |
95 |
0.20 |
0.63 |
2.30 |
|
Kalandidi et al. (1990) |
#smokers at work, All sexes |
95 |
0.80 |
1.39 |
2.50 |
|
Koo et al. (1987) |
any ETS exposure at work, All sexes |
95 |
. |
0.91 |
. |
|
Shimizu et al. (1988) |
any smokers at work, All sexes |
95 |
. |
1.20 |
. |
|
Wu-Williams et al. (1990) |
exposure at each job, All sexes |
95 |
0.90 |
1.20 |
1.60 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
3+ smokers in household, All sexes |
95 |
0.65 |
1.05 |
1.70 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
2 smokers in household, Females |
95 |
0.46 |
0.69 |
1.04 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
3+ smokers in household, Females |
95 |
0.67 |
1.13 |
1.91 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
0.1-14 smoker years, All sexes |
95 |
0.66 |
0.83 |
1.04 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
>18 smoker years, All sexes |
95 |
0.51 |
0.80 |
1.24 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
0.1-14 smoker years, Females |
95 |
0.60 |
0.78 |
1.02 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
14.1–18.0 smoker years, Females |
95 |
0.53 |
0.73 |
1.02 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 childhood |
>18 smoker years, Females |
95 |
0.54 |
0.90 |
1.50 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
Spouse, All sexes |
95 |
0.93 |
1.16 |
1.44 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
Spouse, Females |
95 |
0.88 |
1.11 |
1.39 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
1-34 years exposed, All sexes |
95 |
0.83 |
1.05 |
1.33 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
35-42 years exposed, All sexes |
95 |
0.12 |
0.63 |
2.37 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
>=43 years exposed, All sexes |
95 |
0.68 |
1.07 |
1.68 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
1-34 years exposed, Females |
95 |
0.77 |
0.99 |
1.27 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
>=43 years exposed, Females |
95 |
0.66 |
1.05 |
1.68 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
1–135 hours/day × years, All sexes |
95 |
0.70 |
0.90 |
1.16 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
136–223 hours/day × years, All sexes |
95 |
0.78 |
1.20 |
1.85 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
1–135 hours/day × years, Females |
95 |
0.61 |
0.80 |
1.06 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
136–223 hours/day × years, Females |
95 |
0.72 |
1.12 |
1.74 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
1-10 cig/day, All sexes |
95 |
0.86 |
1.10 |
1.40 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
>=18 cig/day, All sexes |
95 |
0.85 |
1.37 |
2.20 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
1-10 cig/day, Females |
95 |
0.77 |
1.00 |
1.31 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
>=18 cig/day, Females |
95 |
0.83 |
1.34 |
2.17 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
0.1-13 packyears, All sexes |
95 |
0.78 |
1.00 |
1.28 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
13.1-23 packyears, All sexes |
95 |
0.57 |
0.89 |
1.39 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
0.1-13 packyears, Females |
95 |
0.70 |
0.91 |
1.19 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
13.1-23 packyears, Females |
95 |
0.52 |
0.83 |
1.30 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Spouse |
=23.1 packyears, Females |
95 |
0.97 |
1.54 |
2.44 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
Workplace, All sexes |
95 |
0.90 |
1.17 |
1.45 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
Workplace, Females |
95 |
0.94 |
1.19 |
1.51 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
1-29 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.91 |
1.15 |
1.44 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
30-38 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.85 |
1.26 |
1.85 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
>=39 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.76 |
1.19 |
1.86 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
1-29 years, Females |
95 |
0.89 |
1.14 |
1.47 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
30-38 years, Females |
95 |
0.93 |
1.50 |
2.43 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
>=39 years, Females |
95 |
0.67 |
1.24 |
2.28 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
0.1–46.1 (level*hours/day*years), All sexes |
95 |
0.76 |
0.97 |
1.25 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
46.2–88.9 (level*hours/day*years), All sexes |
95 |
0.93 |
1.41 |
2.12 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
0.1–46.1 (level*hours/day*years), Females |
95 |
0.78 |
1.03 |
1.36 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Workplace |
46.2–88.9 (level*hours/day*years), Females |
95 |
0.65 |
1.08 |
1.81 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
Workplace+spouse, All sexes |
95 |
0.88 |
1.14 |
1.47 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
Workplace+spouse, Females |
95 |
0.86 |
1.15 |
1.55 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
1–36 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.85 |
1.11 |
1.46 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
37–43 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.87 |
1.26 |
1.81 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
>=44 years, All sexes |
95 |
0.87 |
1.29 |
1.92 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
1–36 years, Females |
95 |
0.80 |
1.09 |
1.50 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
37–43 years, Females |
95 |
0.85 |
1.28 |
1.94 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
>=44 years, Females |
95 |
0.80 |
1.25 |
1.95 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
0-165 (hours/day*years), All sexes |
95 |
0.69 |
0.91 |
1.20 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
166–253 (hours/day*years), All sexes |
95 |
0.88 |
1.31 |
1.94 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
>=254 (hours/day*years), All sexes |
95 |
0.96 |
1.46 |
2.22 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
0-165 (hours/day*years), Females |
95 |
0.63 |
0.87 |
1.21 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
166–253 (hours/day*years), Females |
95 |
0.72 |
1.15 |
1.82 |
|
WHO/IARC, 1998 Work+spouse |
>=254 (hours/day*years), Females |
95 |
0.93 |
1.49 |
2.38 |
|
Enstrom & Kabat (2003) |
Coronary Heart Disease, Males |
95 |
0.85 |
0.94 |
1.05 |
|
Enstrom & Kabat (2003) |
Lung Cancer, Males |
95 |
0.42 |
0.75 |
1.35 |
|
Enstrom & Kabat (2003) |
COPD, Males |
95 |
0.78 |
1.27 |
2.08 |
|
Enstrom & Kabat (2003) |
Coronary Heart Disease, Females |
95 |
0.94 |
1.01 |
1.08 |
|
Enstrom & Kabat (2003) |
Lung Cancer, Females |
95 |
0.72 |
0.99 |
1.37 |
|
Enstrom & Kabat (2003) |
COPD, Females |
95 |
0.80 |
1.13 |
1.58 |
N = 144 |
|